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From Schechter.1@osu.edu Tue Sep 21 20:36:35 1993
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.sys.mac.misc,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: Macintosh PowerPC FAQ
Date: 19 Sep 1993 01:36:18 GMT
Organization: The Ohio State University
Summary: This posting contains a list of questions and (often speculative)
answers about PowerPC and its relation to the Macintosh.
Originator: sschecht@magnusug.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
Archive-name: macintosh/PowerPC-FAQ
Last-modified: 1993/09/07
Version: 1.0
Frequency: Posted once every two weeks.
Supersedes: <265qei$dg2@charm.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macintosh PowerPC Frequently Asked Questions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERSION/DISCLAIMER
FAQ Prototype #3 - reader beware. I do not guarentee or take any
responsibility for the validity of this document. Remember that much of
this information comes from corporate PR, and hence may hold very little
relation to the truth. Remember what your mother told you about guys like
me. etc.
The editor of this FAQ is not an employee of Apple, IBM, or Motorola,
but is simply an individual trying to make information easily available
over the Internet.
FOLLOW-UP INFO
Please contribute questions, corrections, and any additional information
relavent to this FAQ by emailing the author at `Schechter.1@osu.edu'.
PLEASE DO NOT ADD TO NET TRAFFIC BY POSTING THIS INFORMATION!
CREDIT WHERE DUE
Much of the information in this FAQ came from MacWeek magazine, Internet
posts, Motorola advertisements, Apple press releases, and individual
contributors. Other information was included that was "common knowledge" or
>from the editors personal experience. Much of the information added since
the first version of this FAQ came via email from contributors listed in
the "acknowledgments" section at the end of this document.
PURPOSE
This FAQ was created in response to a request for a PowerPC FAQ in
comp.sys.mac.hardware. It may eventually be used as the FAQ for the
proposed comp.sys.mac.powerpp newsgroup.
**************************Table of Contents******************************
Introduction (Above)
Headers
Version/Disclaimer
Follow-up Info
Credit Where Do
Purpose
Table of Contents
(you are here)
The Chip
What makes a PowerPC microprocessor a PowerPC microprocessor?
Who is currently developing/manufacturing PowerPC microprocessors?
Who makes the PowerPC 601?
What other PowerPC microprocessors are planned for the future?
How can I reach Motorola for even more PowerPC info?
Operating Systems
What operating systems are being developed for the PowerPC and when will
they be available?
The First Machines
When can I get my first PowerPC computer?
Will the first Apple Power PC machines have AV (Audio Visual) capabilities,
like a built in DSP chip?
Can I upgrade my machine?
What bus will the PowerPC Macintosh use for expansion slots?
Programmers Questions
How should I program now to avoid PPC porting problems later?
With 64 bit addressing coming out with the PowerPC 620, should I start
programming 64 bit clean?
How do I do this?
Where can I get information on programming the PowerPC?
Acknowledgments
Contributors
******************************The Chip***********************************
What makes a PowerPC microprocessor a PowerPC microprocessor?
A PowerPC microprocessor is a RISC microprocessor written to standards
formalized by an alliance between Apple, Motorola, and IBM. This standard
will allow multiple manufacturers to release their own versions of PowerPC
chips that will run the same source code. The PowerPC architecture was
based on IBM's POWER architecture, the foundation for IBM's RS/6000 line of
computers.
Note, the PowerPC 601 is really a processor for transition to PowerPC.
Maintaining POWER compatability in the architecture necessited some
differences. A few minor operations aren't supported. The PowerPC
specification calls for both instruction and data caches, yet the PPC 601
has a combined cache.
Who is currently developing/manufacturing PowerPC chips?
Motorola and IBM are both in the process of developing PowerPC chips.
While prototypes exist, no chips are currently available to the market in
mass quantities. Rumor has it IBM is currently manufacturing and stockpiling
PPC 601's at this time.
Who makes the PowerPC 601?
IBM does the actual manufacturing of the PowerPC 601. How much each
company contributed to the design of the chip is not clear. Motorola, which
markets the PPC 601, is concentrating its efforts on its ULSI (Ultra Large
Scale Integration) technology integral to future chip production. Hence, it
is no suprise that the PPC 603, 604, and 620 will be manufactured by
Motorola.
What are the specs on the PowerPC 601?
The following are the speed benchmarks Motorola has released for a
PowerPC 601 running at 66 MHz vs. the Pentium. Note that Apple has
performed machine demonstrations using PowerPC chips running at speeds as
fast as 80 MHz.
Test PowerPC 601 @66 MHz Pentium @ 66 MHz
SPECint92 >60 64.5
SPECfp92 >80 56.9
Power (worst case) 8.5w 16w
Die Size (mm^2) 120 262
Other PowerPC 601 Specifications
Cache Size 32k (both data and instructions on one cache)
Registers 32 general purpose (data/address)
Size - 32 bit
32 floating point (IEEE compliant)
Size - 64 bit
Number of Execution Units 3 (Integer, Floating Point, Branch Processor)
Data Bus Width 64 bits
Address Bus Width 32 bits
Virtual Address Capacity 52 bits
Memory Protection Yes
Cost $450 Quantity 1
What other PowerPC microprocessors are planned for the future?
The PowerPC 603, the miser of the PowerPC line, is expected in mid 1994.
It will be the lowest power consumer and all around smallest chip of the
PowerPC line, yet will rival the 601 in performance. Expect this chip to
appear in portable computers, PDAs, and even cars. Expected to cost in the
$50 range, this microprocessor will bring high performance computing to a
new range of applications in devices which have yet to take full advantage
of computing technology.
Also due in mid 1994, the PowerPC 604 is slated to be the processor of
choice for high end desktop computing. Many expect it to replace the
PowerPC 601 much in the way the 68030 has replaced the 68000 in today's
Macintosh computers.
At the top of the line we'll see the PowerPC 620, which will handle deal
with data and addresses as 64 bit quantities. Motorola is claiming the 620
will run at 200 to 400 SPECmarks, serving as a high end workstation and
server. This processor probably will not be available until late 1994. A
32 bit emulation mode is anticipated so that it will be able to run
software that
isn't 64 bit clean.
How can I reach Motorola for even more PowerPC info?
General Information:
1-800-845-MOTO
For Literature:
USA: Motorola Literature Distribution
P.O. Box 20912
Phoenix, AZ 85036
EUROPE: Motorola Ltd.
European Literature Centre
88 Tanners Drive
Blakelands
Milton Keynes, MK14 5BP, UK
JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.
4-32-1, Nishi-Gotanda
Shinagawa-ku
Tokyo 141 Japan
ASIA: Motorola Semiconductors H. K. Ltd.
Silicon Harbour Center
No. 2 Dai King Street
Tai Po Industrial Estate
Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector Technical Responsiveness Center:
(800) 521-6274.
***************************Operating Systems*****************************
What operating systems are being developed for the PowerPC and when will
they be available?
System 7 (Apple)
Apple plans to release its first PowerPC based Macintosh computers in
early 1994 with System 7 as its native operating system. A large portion of
the ROM and operating system code will be native, but since 68020 emulation
will be built in, rarely used Macintosh calls may be emulated. System 7 on
the PowerPC will run software native to both the 68000 series and the
PowerPC.
PowerOpen (PowerOpen Inc.)
PowerOpen is an operating system standard designed by the PowerOpen
Consortium. Members of the consortium (which of course, include Apple, IBM,
and Motorola), may each release their own version of PowerOpen. Current
plans call for a Unix operating system built on the Open Software
Foundation's OSF/1
kernel. The first releases will emulate code written for 680x0 Macs, and
run code native to AIX. Code written for System 7 (680x0 or PPC native)
will run in addition to Unix code compiled specifically for PowerOpen.
AIX (IBM)
IBM's version of UNIX will be the native operating system on the first
PowerPCs.
OS/2 (IBM)
IBM's standard for its Intel based machines can be expected to be
running on PowerPC's sometime in 1994.
Pink (Taligent)
Taligent (The Child of Apple & IBM) plans to release its operating
system in 1995. This operating system will run software originally written
for a number of different operating environments.
Solaris (Sun)
Sun announced a version of its Solaris variant of the Unix operating
system in late March. A planned release date is not known.
Windows (Insignia & Microsoft)
Insignia licensed code from Microsoft so that they could bring
SoftWindows to the PowerPC. SoftWindows will run on top of System 7.
Emulation speed of SoftWindows is said to be approx. 486SX/33. FPU will not
be emulated.
Windows NT (Motorola?)
Microsoft recently licensed the code for Windows NT to Motorola. Whether
this code will be re-licensed to Apple or IBM has yet to be seen. Expect
some form of Windows NT in '94.
Also rumored...
NetWare (Novell)
Unix System V (AT&T)
***************************The First Machines****************************
When can I get my first PowerPC computer?
Apple is currently planning to release its first PowerPC during the
first half of 1994.
According to MacWeek, the first PowerPC Macs will appear in Centris 610
box and have a price tag of less than $2,000 (whether this will include
monitor and keyboard is unspecified). MacWeek also states that March will
bring a "Centris-650-like sibling" sporting three NuBus slots.
Portable PowerPC 603 Macintosh's are expected in late 1994, early 1995.
IBM is also planning to use PowerPC's in everything from portables to
desktops to RS/6000 workstations. Claims that these will be available by
the end of this year are realistic because IBM has been supporting the
POWER architecture for years. Rumor has it IBM even plans to build
mainframes with PowerPC 620 chips.
(Latest rumor is that we'll see an IBM PowerPC 601 based machines by the
end of September. This may not be unrealistic when you consider that
IBM is manufacturing the first 601 chips, and controls the supply.)
Will the first Apple PowerPC's have AV (Audio Visual) capabilities, like a
built in DSP?
Not likely. PowerPC chips are fast enough so that they should be able to
do Digital Signal Processing (DSP) without an additional chip. Exactly what
AV capabilities will be supported in the first machines is not clear.
Can I upgrade my machine?
The official Apple Macintosh upgrade path will include the following
machines:
Macintsoh IIvx
Macintsoh IIvi
Centris 610
Centris 650
Centris 660AV
Quadra 800
Quadra 840AV
Apple Workgroup Server 60
Apple Workgroup Server 80
In addition, Apple will be licensing chips and ROM's to third parties
for use in upgrade cards for other Macintosh models. Remember, however,
that these models often have a slow bus and slow memory. The result is that
even if a third party upgrade board is provided for, say, an SE/30, it will
still not run as fast as a new machine.
What bus will the PowerPC Macintosh use for expansion slots?
The first few machines will probably use the same NuBus technology in
Apple's new AV machines. Later, Intel's PCI (Peripheral Component
Interconnect) bus standard will be used, as its speeds are far superior to
NuBus.
*************************Programmer's Questions**************************
How should I program now to avoid PPC porting problems later?
1. Program in C or C++
(Although Pascal and other languages will eventually be released,
C and C++ will be the first languages available.)
2. Don't assume variable sizes will remain the same. An 'int' in
Think C is 16 bits, but PowerPC compilers will use 32 bits.
3. Make your code ANSI C compliant
4. Avoid programming in assembly language at all costs. If speed is an
issue, code in C first, and then conditionally compile 680x0 code
in as well.
5. If you have a great amount of assembly language code, and you want to
start preparing to port now, consider using Echo Logic's FlashPort.
For more information, contact Echo Logic at:
943 Holmdel Rd.
Holmdel, NJ 07733
Telephone - (908) 946-1100
Fax - (908) 946-9146
With 64 bit addressing coming out with the PowerPC 620, should I start
programming 64 bit clean?
YES
How do I do this?
This has yet to be made clear. The best advice would be to program in
clean C or C++, without making assumptions about pointer size.
Where can I get information on programming the PowerPC?
The PowerPC 601 User's Manual (order number MPC601UM/AD) is available
for about $6 from
Motorola Literature Distribution
P.O. Box 20912
Phoenix, Arizona 85036
(phone 800-521-6274).
It describes the architecture and instruction set of the PowerPC 601.
[There is also another Motorola manual about development tools for the 601
Can someone email purchase info to the editors?]
*****************************Acknowledgments*****************************
This FAQ is the creation of its editor, Schechter.1@osu.edu (Stuart
Schechter), and the following contributors:
yoshio@CS.UCLA.EDU (Yoshio Turner), kelleyb@austin.ibm.com,
root@physix.mta.ca (Stewart Walker), Chris_Pruett@notes.seagate.com (Chris
Pruett), ddkilzer@iastate.edu (David D. Kilzer), dmorley@skate.rutgers.edu
(Darin S. Morley), dave@humanitas.ucsb.edu (David Bosso), amm@kodak.com
(Alan M. Mathiowetz), and others.
Sorry if I've left anyone out!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is an exception to every rule| Stuart E. Schechter (Schechter.1@osu.edu)
and his name is... | Computer & Information Science Major
| OSU College of Engineering Honors Program
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>Stuart | ENG Rep - CIS Undergrad Studies Committee
==============================================================================
"It is better to be a closet claustrophobic than a flaming pyromaniac."